https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 Distinct forms of synaptic inhibition and neuromodulation regulate calretinin-positive neuron excitability in the spinal cord dorsal horn https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:28034 Wed 11 Apr 2018 16:26:21 AEST ]]> HCN4 subunit expression in fast-spiking interneurons of the rat spinal cord and hippocampus https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:15919 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:53:24 AEST ]]> The expression and localization of the human placental prorenin/renin-angiotensin system throughout pregnancy: roles in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis? https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:17168 37 weeks) human placentae. We also describe the location of all of the key RAS proteins in the early gestation placentae. The highest levels of REN, ATP6AP2, AGT, AGTR1 and ACE2 mRNAs were found in early gestation, whereas ACE1 mRNA was highest at term. AGTR2 and MAS1 mRNA expression were low to undetectable in all samples. REN, ATP6AP2 and AGTR1 mRNA levels were correlated with VEGF expression, but not with TGF-β1 mRNA. In early gestation placentae, prorenin, (pro)renin receptor and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were localized to extravillous trophoblast cells, suggesting they play a key role in trophoblast migration. ACE2 in syncytiotrophoblasts could regulate release of Ang 1-7 into the maternal circulation contributing to the vasodilation of the maternal vasculature. ACE was only found in fetal vascular endothelium and may specifically target the growing fetal placental vessels. Because REN, ATP6AP2 and AGTR1 show strong correlations with expression of VEGF this pathway is likely to be important in placental angiogenesis.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:27:25 AEST ]]> Heteromeric α/β glycine receptors regulate excitability in parvalbumin-expressing dorsal horn neurons through phasic and tonic glycinergic inhibition https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33984 Wed 04 Sep 2019 09:39:10 AEST ]]> Evidence for a critical period in the development of excitability and potassium currents in mouse lumbar superficial dorsal horn neurons https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:6928 41%). In older animals (P11–P25) this changed, with AP discharge consisting of brief bursts at current onset (~46% of neurons). Investigation of major subthreshold whole cell currents showed the rapid A-type potassium current (IAr) dominated at all ages examined (90% of neurons at E15–E17, decreasing to >50% after P10). IAr expression levels, based on peak current amplitude, increased during development. Steady-state inactivation and activation for IAr were slightly less potent in E15–E17 versus P21–P25 neurons at potentials near RMP (-55 mV). Together, our data indicate that intrinsic properties and IAr expression change dramatically in SDH neurons during development, with the greatest alterations occurring on either side of a critical period, P6–P10.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:40:23 AEDT ]]> In vivo responses of mouse superficial dorsal horn neurones to both current injection and peripheral cutaneous stimulation https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:1951 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:33:18 AEDT ]]> An in vivo mouse spinal cord preparation for patch-clamp analysis of nociceptive processing https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:1879 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:31:19 AEDT ]]> Morphological and electrophysiological properties of principal neurons in the rat lateral amygdala in vitro https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:1219 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:28:33 AEDT ]]> Attenuated glycine receptor function reduces excitability of mouse medial vestibular nucleus neurons https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:11329 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:12:34 AEDT ]]> Pacemaker currents in mouse locus coeruleus neurons https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:11513 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:11:08 AEDT ]]> Morphological, neurochemical and electrophysiological features of parvalbumin-expressing cells: A likely source of axo-axonic inputs in the mouse spinal dorsal horn https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:17330 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:01:51 AEDT ]]> Probing glycine receptor stoichiometry in superficial dorsal horn neurones using the spasmodic mouse https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:17904 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:40 AEDT ]]> Altered inhibitory synaptic transmission in superficial dorsal horn neurones in spastic and oscillator mice https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:5822 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:48:01 AEDT ]]> Altered potassium channel function in the superficial dorsal horn of the spastic mouse https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:5793 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:44:56 AEDT ]]> Moving from an averaged to specific view of spinal cord pain processing circuits https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:5804 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:44:54 AEDT ]]> Pinch-current injection defines two discharge profiles in mouse superficial dorsal horn neurones, in vitro https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:5796 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:44:53 AEDT ]]> Functional changes in deep dorsal horn interneurons following spinal cord injury are enhanced with different durations of exercise training https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:26891 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:40 AEDT ]]> Electrophysiological characterization of spontaneous recovery in deep dorsal horn interneurons after incomplete spinal cord injury https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:26619 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:34:00 AEDT ]]> Functional heterogeneity of calretinin-expressing neurons in the mouse superficial dorsal horn: implications for spinal pain processing https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:27038 h currents, and islet cell morphology. Although both Typical and Atypical CR-expressing neurons responded to noxious peripheral stimulation, the excitatory drive onto Typical CR-expressing neurons was much stronger. Furthermore, Atypical CR-expressing cells comprise at least two functionally distinct subpopulations based on their responsiveness to noxious peripheral stimulation and neurochemical profile. Together our data suggest CR expression is not restricted to excitatory neurons in the SDH. Under normal conditions, the contribution of 'Typical' excitatory CR-expressing neurons to overall SDH excitability may be limited by the presence of A-type potassium currents, which limit the effectiveness of their strong excitatory input. Their contribution may, however, be increased in pathological situations where A-type potassium currents are decreased. By contrast, 'Atypical' inhibitory neurons with their excitable phenotype but weak excitatory input may be more easily recruited during increased peripheral stimulation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:24 AEDT ]]> Recording temperature affects the excitability of mouse superficial dorsal horn neurons, in vitro https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:4459 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:18:30 AEDT ]]> Are all spinal segments equal: intrinsic membrane properties of superficial dorsal horn neurons in the developing and mature mouse spinal cord https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:22273 IN), resting membrane potential, AP amplitude, half-width and AHP amplitude were similar across spinal cord regions in both neonates and adults (~100 neurons for each region and age). In contrast, these intrinsic membrane properties differed dramatically between neonates and adults. Five types of AP discharge were observed during depolarizing current injection. In neonates, single spiking dominated (~40%) and the proportions of each discharge category did not differ across spinal regions. In adults, initial bursting dominated in each spinal region, but was significantly more prevalent in rostral segments (49% of neurons in C2-4 vs. 29% in L3-5). During development the dominant AP discharge pattern changed from single spiking to initial bursting. The rapid A-type potassium current (IAr) dominated in neonates and adults, but its prevalence decreased (~80% vs. ~50% of neurons) in all regions during development. IAr steady state inactivation and activation also changed in upper cervical and lumbar regions during development. Together, our data show the intrinsic properties of SDH neurons are generally conserved in the three spinal cord regions examined in both neonate and adult mice. We propose the conserved intrinsic membrane properties of SDH neurons along the length of the spinal cord cannot explain the marked differences in pain experienced in the limbs, viscera, and head and neck.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:39 AEDT ]]> In vivo characterization of colorectal and cutaneous inputs to lumbosacral dorsal horn neurons in the mouse spinal cord https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:24319 in vivo preparation to make patch-clamp recordings from superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons receiving colonic inputs in naïve male mice. Recordings were made in the lumbosacral spinal cord (L6-S1) under isoflurane anesthesia. Noxious colorectal distension (CRD) was used to determine whether SDH neurons received inputs from mechanical stimulation/distension of the colon. Responses to hind paw/tail cutaneous stimulation and intrinsic and synaptic properties were also assessed, as well as action potential discharge properties. Approximately 11% of lumbosacral SDH neurons in the cohort of neurons sampled responded to CRD and a majority of these responses were subthreshold. Most CRD-responsive neurons (80%) also responded to cutaneous stimuli, compared with <50% of CRD-non-responsive neurons. Furthermore, CRD-responsive neurons had more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials, larger rheobase currents, and reduced levels of excitatory drive, compared to CRD-non-responsive neurons. Our results demonstrate that CRD-responsive neurons can be distinguished from CRD-non-responsive neurons by several differences in their membrane properties and excitatory synaptic inputs. We also demonstrate that SDH neurons with colonic inputs show predominately subthreshold responses to CRD and exhibit a high degree of viscerosomatic convergence.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:41 AEDT ]]> Is more always better?: How different 'doses' of exercise after incomplete spinal cord injury affects the membrane properties of deep dorsal horn interneurons https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:45538 Mon 31 Oct 2022 15:41:06 AEDT ]]> Intrinsic and synaptic homeostatic plasticity in motoneurons from mice with glycine receptor mutations https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:16907 A miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) amplitude was increased in spa and ot but not spd, suggesting diminished glycinergic drive leads to compensatory adjustments in the other major fast inhibitory synaptic transmitter system in these mutants. Overall, our data suggest long-term reduction in glycinergic drive to HMs results in changes in intrinsic and synaptic properties that are consistent with homeostatic plasticity in spa and ot but not in spd. We propose such plasticity is an attempt to stabilize HM output, which succeeds in spa but fails in ot.]]> Mon 30 Sep 2019 12:26:58 AEST ]]> Electrical maturation of spinal neurons in the human fetus: comparison of ventral and dorsal horn https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:22855 Mon 30 Sep 2019 12:19:51 AEST ]]> Intrinsic excitability differs between murine hypoglossal and spinal motoneurons https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:25370 Mon 30 Sep 2019 12:12:52 AEST ]]> Properties of Deiters' neurons and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the mouse lateral vestibular nucleus https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:52855 92%). Short-term plasticity was studied by examining discharge rate modulation following release from hyperpolarization [postinhibitory rebound firing (PRF)] and depolarization [firing rate adaptation (FRA)]. PRF and FRA gain were similar in Deiters’ and non-Deiters’ neurons (PRF 24.9 vs. 20.2 Hz and FRA gain 231.5 vs. 287.8 spikes/s/nA, respectively). Inhibitory synaptic input to both populations showed that GABAergic rather than glycinergic inhibition dominated. However, GABAA miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) frequency was much higher in Deiters’ neurons compared with non-Deiters’ neurons (∼15.9 vs. 1.4 Hz, respectively). Our data suggest that Deiters’ neurons can be reliably identified by their intrinsic membrane and synaptic properties. They are tonically active and glutamatergic, have low sensitivity or “gain,” exhibit little adaptation, and receive strong GABAergic input. Deiters’ neurons also have minimal short-term plasticity, and together these features suggest they are well suited to a role in encoding tonic signals for the vestibulospinal reflex. New & Noteworthy: Deiters’ neurons within the lateral vestibular nucleus project the length of the spinal cord and activate antigravity extensor muscles. Deiters’ neurons were characterized anatomically and physiologically in mice. Deiters’ neurons are tonically active, have homogeneous intrinsic membrane properties, including low input resistance, and receive significant GABAAergic synaptic inputs. Deiters’ neurons show little modulation in response to current injection. These features are consistent with Deiters’ neurons responding to perturbations to maintain posture and balance.]]> Mon 30 Oct 2023 09:54:00 AEDT ]]> Aging alters signaling properties in the mouse spinal dorsal horn https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36538 Fri 29 May 2020 17:22:29 AEST ]]> Reviewing the case for compromised spinal inhibition in neuropathic pain https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46131 Fri 11 Nov 2022 15:28:57 AEDT ]]>