https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index en-au 5 https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:42460 FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 is a major SNP associated with obesity and has been used as an instrumental variable for obesity in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. An interaction between the FTO SNP and macronutrient intake for obesity was suggested previously. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the associations between obesity and cataract, using FTO SNP rs9939609 as an instrumental variable in an MR approach, and explore interactions of this SNP with macronutrient intake in relation to risk of cataract in a population-based cohort. Methods: The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) is a longitudinal population-based study of common eye disease. Of 3654 baseline participants of the BMES (1992-1994), 2334 (75.8% of survivors) and 1952 (76.7% of survivors) were followed 5 and 10 y later. During the 5-y follow-up, 1174 new participants were examined. Cumulative cataract was defined as the presence of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract at any visit, following the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Imputed dosage of the FTO SNP rs9939609 was used. Quintiles of macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, fats) were derived from an FFQ. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. Results: After multivariable adjustment, there were no associations between BMI and any cataract types in MR models using rs9939609 as an instrumental variable. However, an interaction between rs9939609 and protein intake for PSC cataract risk was suggested (P = 0.03). In analyses stratified by quintiles of protein intake, each minor allele of rs9939609 was associated with increased odds of PSC (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.60) in the lowest quintile subgroup only. Conclusions: Obesity was not causally associated with age-related cataract. However, among persons in the lowest quintile of protein intake, obesity may be associated with PSC cataract.]]> Wed 24 Aug 2022 11:18:26 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:29536 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:45:41 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:30590 Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:46:14 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:29933 15 µmol/L: OR = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.38-3.63) were independently associated with increased risk of cortical cataract. Path analysis showed that the genetic effect on cortical cataract was partially mediated via homocysteine levels. Combined CT/TT genotypes and elevated homocysteine levels were associated with a 3-fold risk of cortical cataract (OR = 3.74; 95% CI = 1.79-7.80). The synergy index of both exposures was 1.34 (95% CI = 0.44-4.01). Conclusions and Relevance: MTHFR polymorphism and elevated homocysteine levels contributed separately and jointly to increased risk of cortical cataract. If these findings are confirmed, homocysteine levels may be a therapeutic target to reduce risk of cortical cataract in persons carrying genetic risk.]]> Wed 10 Nov 2021 15:04:55 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:5552 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:49:12 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:43046 6.0 mM (strata-specific OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.09–2.72). No similar association was found in participants with normal FBG (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69–1.04). This interaction was not evident in the SEED study. Conclusions: The identified interaction between rs9640883 and FBG in relation to cortical cataract was not replicated but may warrant further investigation.]]> Mon 12 Sep 2022 12:59:35 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:31934 complement factor H and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 genes (compared with none, OR 1.76 for 1 risk allele and OR 3.34 for 2+ risk alleles), smoking (compared with non-smokers, OR 1.64 for past and OR 1.67 for current smokers), and the presence of large drusen area or retinal pigmentary abnormalities in the first eye. Conclusion: One in four to one in five unilateral any AMD cases, and up to one in two unilateral late AMD cases, progressed to bilateral in 5 years. Known AMD risk factors, including smoking, are significantly associated with the progression to bilateral involvement.]]> Mon 09 Apr 2018 11:32:09 AEST ]]>