https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:38068 p <0.001), longer disease duration (HR=1.01, p=0.038), a higher Expanded Disability Status Scale score (HR=1.30, p<0.001), more rapid disability trajectory (HR=2.82, p<0.001) and greater number of relapses in the previous year (HR=1.07, p=0.010) were independently associated with an increased risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Improving disability (HR=0.62, p=0.039) and disease-modifying therapy exposure (HR=0.71, p=0.007) were associated with a lower risk. Recent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging activity, evidence of spinal cord lesions and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid were not associated with the risk of conversion. Conclusion:Risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis increases with age, duration of illness and worsening disability and decreases with improving disability. Therapy may delay the onset of secondary progression.]]> Wed 24 May 2023 12:22:34 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33927 Wed 23 Jan 2019 15:30:44 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:22648 Wed 22 May 2019 14:50:34 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:27384 Tue 13 Oct 2020 19:16:32 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:27446 Tue 13 Oct 2020 19:11:18 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:33303 Thu 04 Oct 2018 16:49:43 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41240 Sat 30 Jul 2022 12:19:30 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:19533 95% of the identified indication bias. Slightly lower relapse incidence was found among patients treated with glatiramer acetate or subcutaneous interferon β-1a relative to intramuscular interferon β-1a and interferon β-1b (p≤0.001). No differences in 12-month confirmed progression of disability were observed. Conclusion: Small but statistically significant differences in relapse outcomes exist among the injectable immunomodulators. MSBase is sufficiently powered to identify these differences and reflects practice in tertiary MS centres. While the present study controlled indication, selection and attrition bias, centre-dependent variance in data quality was likely.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:06 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:30101 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:59 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:29942 -23). A reciprocal relationship was seen for ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with a significantly increasing AAO for patients with MS per each quartile increment of ambient UVR (p=1.56×10^-17). We found that the AAO of female patients was ~5 months earlier than male patients (p=0.002). AAO of progressive-onset patients with MS were ~9 years later than relapsing-onset patients (p=1.40×10^-265). Conclusions: An earlier AAO in higher latitude regions was found in this worldwide European-descent cohort and correlated inversely with variation in latitudinal UVR. These results suggest that environmental factors which act at the population level may significantly influence disease severity characteristics in genetically susceptible populations.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:01 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:24856 -22). On-therapy relapses carried greater burden than off-therapy relapses. Cumulative treatment exposure was independently associated with lower EDSS at 10 years (coeff=-0.86, p=1.3x10^-9). Furthermore, pregnancies were also independently associated with lower EDSS scores over the 10-year observation period (coeff=-0.36, p=0.009).We provide evidence of long-term treatment benefit in a large registry cohort, and provide evidence of long-term protective effects of pregnancy against disability accrual. We demonstrate that high annualized relapse rate, particularly on-treatment relapse, is an indicator of poor prognosis.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:11:22 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:37732 p = 0.001), brainstem onset (HR = 0.45, p = 0.009), azathioprine (HR = 0.46, p <0.001) and mycophenolate mofetil (HR = 0.09, p = 0.012) were associated with a reduced risk of relapse. A greater EDSS was associated with age (β = 0.45 (per decade), p<0.001) and disease duration (β = 0.07 per year, p <0.001). A slower increase in EDSS was associated with azathioprine (β = -0.48, p <0.001), mycophenolate mofetil (β = -0.69, p = 0.04) and rituximab (β = -0.35, p = 0.024). Interpretation: This study has demonstrated that azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil reduce the risk of relapses and disability progression is modified by azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab. Age and disease duration were the only patient characteristics that modified the risk of relapse and disability in our cohort.]]> Mon 29 Mar 2021 13:09:59 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:36719 Mon 24 Aug 2020 10:45:35 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:25306 Mon 06 Mar 2023 17:55:37 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:41309 Mon 01 Aug 2022 12:30:36 AEST ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:46553 Fri 25 Nov 2022 11:33:34 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34630 Fri 05 Apr 2019 11:37:25 AEDT ]]> https://novaprd-lb.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:34026 80%) for relapse incidence during the first year and for disability outcomes, moderate for relapse incidence in Years 2–4 and for the change in the cumulative disease burden, and low for conversion to secondary progressive disease and treatment discontinuation. External validation showed similar results, demonstrating high external validity for disability and relapse outcomes, moderate external validity for cumulative disease burden and low external validity for conversion to secondary progressive disease and treatment discontinuation. We conclude that demographic, clinical and paraclinical information helps predict individual response to disease-modifying therapies at the time of their commencement.]]> Fri 01 Feb 2019 10:45:46 AEDT ]]>